The Republic Essay Paper Example For Students

The Republic Essay Paper The RepublicBook One of The Republic opens up with a discussion between Socrates and Cephalus, Polemarchus father, about old age and wealth. Cephalus conveys to Socrates that he believes being wealthy does not necessarily make you a happier person, but being wealthy makes it simpler to lead a good or moral life. Cephalus is quoted as follows,Its in this connection that wealth is most valuable, Id say, not for every man but for a decent an orderly one. Wealth can do a lot to save us from having to cheat or deceive someone against our will from having to depart for that other place in fear because we sacrifice to a good or money to a person. It has many other uses, but, benefit for benefit, Id say that this is how it is most useful to a man of any understanding. Socrates argues this statement of opinion by Cephalus, by saying that if living a just life is simply just telling the truth or giving back your debts,than that can sometimes be the wrong or unjust thing to do. He gives the exa mple of borrowing a knife from a friend, who eventually comes back for his knife but looks full of rage and has intentions of wrong-doing, than giving him the knife back which you owe him is certainly the wrong thing to do. Cephalus, not really interested in carrying on the argument exits from the conversation and his son, Polemarchus, protests Socrates argument and goes on to give his various definitions of what Justice actually means. Polemarchus initial definition was giving everyone what is appropriate or right to them, and it is not appropriate to give harmful things to your friends. Summarizing his definition, he is saying, Justice is pleasing your friends and harming your enemies. Socrates attacks this definition arguing that you shouldnt return evil with evil because it is not just to pose harm to anyone. After Polymarchus agrees with Socrates argument, Thrasymachus, who is tired of hearing all the arguing and debating wants Socrates to tell them what his definition of Justi ce is. Socrates explains to him that he doesnt himself know what it is and he is in pursuit of finding out what Justice us. Thrasymachus then goes on to give his own definition of what is Just.His definition is based upon the idea that what is right is what is in the best interest of the stronger party, in which a ruler makes laws of his own interests, and that is right for the weaker party to follow his laws. The discussion has somewhat shifted from the definition of Justice, to the functions and duties of a ruler of a state. When Thrasymachus gets back to theoriginal discussion of Justice, he says Justice is for fools and people live so-called good laws because they are trained that way and are actually afraid of doing otherwise. What he is basically saying is that good actions are foolish and cowardly, while evil actions are good for society. In the remaining of Book One Socrates attacks Thrasymachus distorted view of what morality is. We will write a custom essay on The Republic Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Book Two Glaucon expresses his dissatisfaction with Socrates and Thrasymachus argument of Justice by saying But Im not yet satisfied by the argument on either side. I want to know what justice and injustice are and what power each itself has when its by itself in the soul. I want to leave out of account their rewards and what comes from each of them. So, if you agree, Ill renew the argument of Thrasymachus. First, Ill state what kind of thing people consider justice to be and what its origins are. Second, Ill argue that all who practice it do so unwillingly, as something necessary , as they do, for the life of an unjust person is, they say, much better than that of a just one. The purpose of Glaucons presenting these views, which are not his personal views, is in efforts of hearing what Socrates has to say against them. I feel that he is mainly seeking to find out from Socrates why it is actually better to live a just life versus an unjust life. .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postImageUrl , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:visited , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active { border:0!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Senior Citizens EssaySocrates starts to answer Glaucon by giving a comparison, whi..ch was The investigation were undertaking is not an easy one but requires keen eyesight, we were to read small letters from a distance and then noticed that the same letters existed elsewhere in a larger size and on a larger surface.Wed consider it a godsend, I think, to be allowed to read the larger ones first and then to examine the smaller ones, to see whether they are really the same. What Socrates is saying is that justice exists in cities, or communities, which are larger than individuals and to understand Justice, we must examine Justice in a larger sense as a community, in order to make it easier to learn what it is on an individual level. What Socrates is starting to do is present his idea of what an Ideal State is. He talks a great deal about soldiers, or as he calls them guardians. He feels they should be thoroughly educated and trained while they are children because they will be the future leaders of the state. He believes children should be told moral uplifting stories about all the various Greek Gods and Heroes, but they shouldnt be exposed to evil stories involving murder and death because it may cause them to be cowardly and fearful. In the last part of Book Two, Socrates touched on the subject of elementary education, and in Book Three, he talks about how these moral stories he previously discussed should be presented to the children. Socrates says This concludes our discussion of the content of stories. We should now, I think, investigate their style, for well then have fully investigated both what should be said and how it should be said. Socrates talks about two different styles in which these stories can be told to the children they are narrative and representational form. I think what he means by representational form is something like a play where actors are acting out these stories. Also in Book Three, Plato describes the kinds of music these children or future generations should hear. He feels they should hear songs that are good for the soul, emotional, uplifting songs. I think an example of what he is talking about could be applied in todays terms as a song like R Kellys I Believe I Can Fly. In the end of Book Three, Socrates is talking about how to divide the children or future guardians into classes. He says the very best guardians should become the rulers, whose functions is to lead the community with the community best interests in mind. He also talks about the auxiliaries, whose duty is to execute the rulers decisions, in our society today they would probably be the policeman, soldiers, judges, and so on. Lastly, he describes the craftsmen, whose duty is to do the skilled work a society needs to function, they would be the doctors, farmers, plumbers, and so on. Finally we have arrived at Book Four in which Socrates talks about the purpose of finding the state was not to make the rulers happy but to make the community as an entirety happy. He also says we cant possibly find justice in a society where one class dominates and has all the advantages over another class. But he also states that we need to avoid two extremes: extreme wealth and extreme poverty,like if a craftsmen becomes extremely wealthy and doesnt want to practice his trade anymore. For example say a plumber wins the lottery and he wants to give up plumbing and this contagiously occurs our state will suffer. Socrates then goes on and feels he has found this ideal state he has been pursuing. He says since its a perfect society we should have four great virtues of wisdom, courage, discipline, and justice. The last point in Book Four I want to touch on is the Physical States of the Soul, Socrates discusseswhich are the Body and the Soul. The soul is composed of three parts, the Rat ional (Wisdom), the Spiritual (Courage), and the Appetitive (Biological Needs). Socrates says the Soul is the leader among the two, and a state of disease occurs when the soul is diseased, and a state of Justice is achieved when the soul is healthy.

Why we should not allow performance-enhancing drugs in sports Essays

Why we should not allow performance-enhancing drugs in sports Essays Why we should not allow performance-enhancing drugs in sports Essay Why we should not allow performance-enhancing drugs in sports Essay Performance enhancing drugs considerably influence sports and athletes. Players have to pay heavy price for their life when involved in using performance enhancing drugs. Though drugs improve athlete’s performances like sports technology and equipment but its practice is not rewarded by athlete fans. It is a universal outlook of populace that players must reflect their natural talent to give superior performance which is admired with great fervor. But some advocates and athletes oppose this statement and argue for significance of performance drugs in sports. The main issue in today’s sport is that on what grounds, these drugs are banned that can help them to get more out of their training and practice. Some challengers argue that drugs and special diets have always been a part of the Olympics and permitting athletes to consume drugs may enhanced their knowledge of the human body and such drugs could encourage sport participation. Activists who are against allowing performance enhancing drugs squabble that if people know the athlete has deceiving, they will not really enjoy watching their performance as much. The present paper focuses on the hot theme which is revolving in the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports. It provides strong arguments against allowing performance enhancing drugs with supportive facts. It is voiced by dictators that victory at all will not be appreciated if drugs are used by athlete. Permitting drugs could also lead to casual use for those who might want to build up their muscle tone. If the public came to know that sports turn around just drugs and less athleticism, the television viewers and audience at sports contests will decrease very speedily. In such a case, spot organization has to face serious financial problems for the athletes. Drug scandals may cause the media and athletic sponsors to juggle around with their promise to that particular sport. Athletes were using drugs to enhance their performance from early times. In the games of the third Olympiad, Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine in the middle of the race (Seventh Report of Session 2003-2004). The first official ban on stimulating substances by a sporting organization was initiated by the International Amateur Athletic Federation in 1928. In 1976, the East German swimming team won 11 out of 13 Olympic events, and later took legal action the government for giving them anabolic steroids (New York Times 2004). The use of illegal substances is prevalent despite the health risks, and despite the regulating body’s efforts to abolish drugs from sport. Most athletes are also relatively improbable to ever undergo testing. The International Amateur Athletic Federation approximates that only 10-15% of participating athletes are tested in each main contest. Everyone recognizes that drugs are against the rules. Sport organizers must have to define the rules of sport. If the drugs are legalized and freely available, the consequences will be dangerous such health hazards and loss faith of public. People perform well at sport as a result of the genetic makeup that happened to deal them a captivating hand. The capability to perform well in sporting events is determined by the ability to deliver oxygen to muscles. Oxygen is carried by red blood cells. The more red blood cells, the more oxygen player can carry. This in turn controls an athlete’s performance in aerobic exercise. If it is raised naturally, it is well accepted. But the injection of EPO which is a natural hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, increasing the packed cell volume (PCV) the percentage of the blood comprised of red blood cells was officially banned in 1985 because it is against sports ethics (JAMA 1996; 276:231-7). Health factor involved in using EPO intravenously is that raising the PCV too high by this injection can cause serious health problems. The risk of harm quickly augments as PCV gets above 50%.

Quality television Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality television - Case Study Example Getting the attention of the target audience based on the genre of programme being produced is crucial to the success and production of a quality television programme, therefore, when developing a programme its content should be tailored to meet the demands and wants of the target audience. The quality of television programme can also be adversely affected by the main purpose it was made or the concept behind the making of the programme. This means that if a programmes main purpose is to offer comedy, its development and production must bent towards the humour and comedy that is appropriate and relate-able to the target audience. Blending the two will create a cultural value that is guaranteed to increase the quality of the television programme. In addition, creativity and originality of the content being generated are key values that increase the artistic aspect of the film thus increasing the general quality of the television programme. This is mainly due to the growing variation of genres in the film industry, the rapid and constant production of programmes by companies competing for airtime to increase their audience database and revenue thus their is constant repetition of ideas and concepts in many television programmes. The originality, creativity and /or the innovation behind a television programme is thus a key quality in the achievement of a quality television programme. For example, the remake of and old programme can increase the quality of the film through innovation and creativity by incorporating current cultural aspects and new technology in its development giving the audience a new take on the programme. Monetary investments are vital in the production of quality television. This is true based on the current technological advances leading to the demand for quality films with completely concealed staged events. For example,