Freedom Essays (1194 words) - M. G. Vassanji, Narration, Girls

Freedom This book was written in the middle to late twentieth century. Generally, this book dealt with Indians living in East Africa. The book is set in native Tanzania where Vassanji was raised after his family moved from his birthplace Nairobi. This book is a collection of short stories that chronically move from the narrator's early childhood until he returns to his homeland years later to find that much has changed from his childhood. There are many issues that are intertwined into the text that Vassanji incorporates to relay his stories. Being a part of the lower class Indian community in Tanzania during the 1950's, there is much class struggle. There is an instance early in the book where massive discrimination is evident in the book. ?Schools went through preparation and drill for the royal visit.? ?But to my great disappointment only the higher forms were allowed to welcome the princess.? The narrator overcame this discrimination by working through the crowd and essentially got a glimpse of the young queen. This was one of the more symbolic scenes in the book. The narrator overcame oppression here on a small scale as he later will by leaving Africa and going to a University in North America. The market place called the ?Mnuda? was a place of massive thievery and just not a good place to go. However, many members of the ?community? would go to the ?Mnuda? to pick up odds and ends. The point is that this is a low class society we are dealing with. Later on there is a mention of green government trucks that randomly show up in the streets of Tanzania during the night. Green government trucks just give the impression that the government has something to fear if they are sending out ?watchdog? trucks to keep an eye on the demos or population. This example just shows the kind of totalitarian government that was in place during the mid-twentieth century in this part of Africa. Just a reminiscent of 1984 and the concept of ?big brother ? mentioned in that novel. It seems this type of ruling is in place around the narrator at this time. The family of the narrator would go on to have their own lives. When the narrator prepares for going to the University, he talks about his sisters already married. Typical for the girls to get married and run a family. That was the females' ?job? here. Mamma was always interested in getting her daughters into marriage. ?Don't be choosy.? ?It will be too late then.? ?There is nothing like having a men of your own The idea of the female of the family getting out, having a man, and having kids just was the idea. Never any idea of a career or higher level education was consider throughout the novel for these girls. As for the narrator, he does go on to higher education. There is another case of discrimination in the hands of the government. The narrator whom did have very respectable grades in the local systems applies to the local university. He has aspirations to go into Medicine. However, the government recommends him to go into Agriculture, [not what we would call higher education] even though the narrator had ?never left the city except to go to a national park on a field trip.? This is an attempt for the government to keep the Indian class down. Take the ones who show promise and bright futures and use your governmental power to keep them down. Agriculture is a ?low? level form of making a living, especially compared to medicine. This was more example of the belligerent's discrimination that occurred in this area at this time. The narrator's mother finally allows him to go to the States and into the California Institute of Technology. Both a financial and emotion risk is taken by mother. She has to come up with a thousand shillings for him to go and she is losing a son to a distant place. Her faith in her son gives hope to not just the family, but also the reader. The decision was pivotal to the life of the narrator. If this opportunity were wasted, then the narrator's potential would be deflated in two

Research Proposal Topics #038; Ideas

Research Proposal Topics #038; Ideas The research paper is a kind of work that is aimed at studying a specific issue or question. The research proposal is the text that represents and justifies exploration of the specific topic. The main goal of such paper is to prove the necessity of the theme studying and its importance for education. A professor, who also adds all details and instruction regarding writing the paper, mainly defines the topic for the research proposal. However, choosing a topic yourself can become a challenge for a student due to the variety of issues and aspects to analyze. The following list includes interesting and specific topics that can be used while writing a research proposal. Topics and Ideas for a Research Proposal Effect of Obesity on Human Health This topic is curious to explore due to its importance in modern society. Various experts conducted researches regarding the impact of particular food and lifestyle on a human body. The research proposal on this topic should be based on statistical and scientific data regarding obesity. For example, such work can state the problem of children obesity and methods of dealing with it. The Problem of Animal Testing The problem of animal testing is quite a topical issue of discussion currently. A lot of famous brands and companies are prohibiting animal testing in order to protect the rights of animals and produce ethical production. The research proposal should depict the importance of the topic, concentrate attention on its recent recognition, and represent contributions of different states to the issue and companies that do not test their products on animals. The Role of Technology in Education Modern technological progress provides improved conditions for education and different kinds of academic activity. Of course, different experts define the advantages and disadvantages of technologies in education. The research proposal on this topic should include an explanation of tech use in the sphere of education, its positive and negative impact on students, and the importance of technological skills for students. Influence of Social Media on Children Social media and networks are considered the tools for socialization and communication for children. However, experts are concerned about the problem of addiction and time wasting in using social media by children. Such aspects as the importance of the issue, its popularity nowadays, the problems it causes, and benefits of social media use should be included in the research proposal on the topic. Anthropogenic Factor in Global Warming Numerous experts study the problem of global warming defining the influential role of the human in the development of this problem. The research proposal can be based on the description of the damaging activity of people that can make an impact on the environment. Besides, it is important to show the historical development of the anthropogenic factor and describe the modern tendencies of global warming. The Theory of Overpopulation in Modern Studies The problem of human overpopulation developed in interconnection with limited capacities of the environment and the increasing amount of people on the planet. This problem is quite disputable and controversial due to different approaches to the issue. The research proposal on the topic of overpopulation should explain the concept of overpopulation and define problems connected with the development of the phenomenon. The Problem of Moral Standards in TV Shows Modern TV often shows controversially represent traditional moral standards of human society. Besides, there are different approaches to this problem because experts provide a specific evaluation for every TV show. The research proposal should define the topicality of this issue, its spreading in modern media, and the importance of morality as a part of different TV shows. Can Online Sources of Information Replace Newspapers? There are more than 4 billion active users of the Internet in 2018 that often refuse reading printed newspapers. It is comfortable for people to read news online because of the constant information update. The stated topic is quite controversial because there are people that prefer printed press to online sources and vice versa. The research proposal on the topic should represent the problem and its current importance. Enactment of Gun Control Laws The problem of gun control is topical for the society of the United States due to numerous problems connected with the aspect. This issue is connected with personal safety and comfort, and with public security because guns can be used for both protection and attack. Such aspects as an explanation of the problem, provision of its national specifications, and determination of its role should be included in the research paper proposal. The Idea of the World without Wars This problem is connected with the sphere of idealistic philosophy of international relations offered by Immanuel Kant. The importance of the topic refers to its possible influence on different conflicting states and regions with a high number of conflicts. The research proposal paper should be based on the explanation of this concept, consideration of main approaches, and its implementation for the modern international community. The Problem of Violence against Children Different psychologists trying to develop techniques for dealing with violence against children study this issue. The research proposal paper can include a depiction of the problem, various approaches to the problem, and possible ways of its solution. The topic is crucial because attitude to children in families often becomes the reason for their inability to socialize. Dealing with Mental Breakdowns This topic should include consideration of how to deal with mental breakdowns and how to treat people with mental breakdowns. The research proposal paper should convince the professor that the issue of mental breakdowns is essential to investigate in order to treat such people and assist them in returning to a normal life. The research proposal can also include the evolution of the mental breakdown concept and problem solutions. The Effectiveness of Self-driving Cars Self-driving cars are becoming more and more popular among influential companies. The key goal of such cars is to make the lives of people more comfortable and transportation quicker. The problem of self-driving cars invention, the popularity of such cars, and tendencies or risks of the sphere development can be included in the research proposal paper. The Future of Artificial Intelligence The modern development of artificial intelligence provides extensive opportunities for technological progress. The research proposal paper should include a description of the technology development and its impact on the future of the humankind. Artificial intelligence is quite a controversial issue due to different risks and problems connected with work in the sphere. The Roots of Antisemitism The problem of antisemitism brought many historical challenges for Jewish people. Nowadays this ideology still exists; thus, it is essential to consider this problem from different point of views. The research paper should include an explanation of the ideology and its main concepts, the history of its development and the most famous followers of antisemitism ideas. The Greek Culture Influence on the Ancient World The development of Greek culture determined the state of the general culture of the ancient world. The culture of this country is considered to be valuable because of the variety of artifacts and achievements. The research proposal paper should establish interconnections between Greek culture and the cultures of other countries. Influence of Pop Culture Trends Modern pop culture is represented by various trends and tendencies that are supported by whole communities. Variety of such trends is impressive, and it is impressive to explore its influence on society. Such aspects as specifications of pop culture trends, the popularity of such ideas, and their influence on different communities should be included in the research proposal paper. Ethical Dilemmas in Business Activity The problem of moral dilemmas is topical for different spheres of human activities due to the necessity to make quick and effective decisions. Business activity is connected with different ethical dilemmas because of financial issues and the decision-making process. The research paper proposal should include a description of fundamental ethical dilemmas and the importance of these issues influence on business. Leadership Strategies in Business Management and leadership strategies determine the efficiency of the business. The modern theory of leadership represents different strategies and tactics of teamwork that are aimed at the organization of effective work. Explanation of leadership strategies importance, the role of such ideas for an effective leader, and the variety of such strategies should be a part of the research proposal paper. Causes of WWII A wide range of reasons stand behind WWII, which initiated many devastations all over the world. The research proposal paper should be based on facts and arguments, which are considered to be reasons for WWII. Investigation of such topic is significant for historical memory and experience aimed at avoidance of the same occasions in international relations. Conclusion The research proposal paper is considered the basis for a future research paper on the topic. A student can choose one of the topics and make it more specific or narrow. Besides, the research paper should be written accurately and specifically like any academic work in order to provide all significant details regarding the problem. Writing the research proposal paper, the student should remember that the text should be well structured and well developed. The primary aim of such paper is to prove the importance of the issue investigation and provide a short outline for writing further paper.

Psychological reaserch methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological reaserch methods - Essay Example For the purposes of this study, and determining the effect of attention on these elements, perception is defined as that which makes visual information available, and cognition is the uses of that visual information. This is significant in this study because of the questions related to when does perception cease and cognitive processing begin. Subjects were recruited from the New York City public school system, and all were tested with standardized methods to obtain an experimental group which demonstrated moderate reading disability. This was determined by using a selection criterion of scoring between 0.5 SD and 1.0 SD below national mean scores; one parameter of the study was to focus on mild-to-moderate reading disability (rather than severe) given the authors' perception that this group has been neglected in the area of therapeutic efficacy. Informed consent was obtained from both the parents and the children, and was approved by an independent review board. The methodology was to use a battery of standardized attention tests to determine the level of reading disability and, once the parameters had been set, to divide the qualified population into two groups; control and test subject. The control group received no therapy between the initial and final rounds of testing, and the experimental group received 12 one-hour weekly sessions of computer-based reading comprehension therapy. At the end of the 12 week study period, both groups were re-tested and the results compared. The analysis of the study was thorough, and utilized relevant literature and previous studies to provide scope and comment. While the authors recognize the need for further study in various areas, the results indicated that attention skills are measurable, attention therapy improves attention, and that the experimental group outscored the control group. The only additional elements that I might add to this research would be to expand it beyond its limited scope to include the evaluation of other attention deficit factors. The limitations to this study included a relatively small sample size, using an experimental methodology in a first-step study, and the inherent uncertainty related to attention studies generally. I think the researchers were thorough and appropriate, in their methodology, ethical in their application, correct in their analysis, and validated their hypothesis. The study itself was presented logically, clearly, and comports with the standard research reporting regimen of practitioners at this level. References Solan, H.A., Shelley-Tremblay, J., Ficarra, A., Silverman, M., & Larson, S. (2003).Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehen

Health Care Demand Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Care Demand Scenario - Essay Example It will specifically cater for the people who have attained that age and have bodily disabilities that are permanent. Their offering of these facilities will help them in improving the health standards even for the people who live below the poverty line. Medi-Insurance will cover for almost 80% of the total costs incurred in getting medical attention. The adjunct plan will be established by a private indemnity health company. This health scheme is designed to be used by only people who are over sixty five years and have been citizens of the nation for a period of more than ten years. The beneficiaries of this scheme must have been paying taxes for a period of not less than ten years. They must also be recipients of disability gains from the boards dealing with retirement or the community security boards. These benefits are delivered to patients experiencing terminal diseases that affect the kidney and other vital body organs (Colamery, 2003). The people suffering from physical disabi lities will continue receiving the benefits of Medi-Insurance even when they stop receiving benefits from their community boards. The customers of this service will find quality when they are provided with indemnity covers for their stay in hospitals. They will encounter quality medical cover for the medication they receive from these institutions (Matthews and Berman, 2011). The customers will receive services that are worth more than the total amount they have paid the authorities in taxes. The receivers of the service will also find quality in the clearance of their medical bills and their reception of expert medical attention. 2. Define the Demand The customers of this service will be the people who are aged sixty five years and above. They should be citizens of the nation for a period of at least ten years and must have been paying their dues to the relevant authorities. The beneficiaries of this program might also be old people who have disabilities in their physical condition s (Matthews and Berman, 2011). The beneficiaries must also be able to pay the minimum monthly premiums for the services they receive in future. The people who benefit from the scheme will be found in hospitals and the homes for the aged. This is because the scheme has a limitation on the minimum age of their beneficiaries. The plan will differ in terms of the medications they offer and the costs they charge. The plan will cover for the homeless people living on the streets even if they do not pay the premiums (Colamery, 2003). These costs will be catered for by well wishers and other sponsors. There are several consumer traits that will influence the demand for the service. The service will only be dispensed to people who have attained the minimum required age of sixty five years. It will only cover the citizens who have been paying their taxes for the last ten years they have been in the country (Moon, 2006). Citizens who are below this age will not be legible for enrolment in the program and will not receive its benefits. The people who cannot afford to pay the required monthly premiums will also enjoy the benefits of the scheme. Their consumers will not be highly sensitive to the prices they are charged for the services. This is because the scheme will be offering diverse benefits to different groups of people. The benefit’s one receives will correspond to the amount of his contributions towards the

Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay Example for Free

Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay â€Å"Our motherland is Spain; theirs is darkest Africa, you understand? They once came here only to cut sugarcane, but now there are more of them than there will ever be cane to cut, you understand? Our problem is one of dominion. Those of us who love our country are taking measures to keep it our own†. This statement was memorized by both the Haitian and Dominicans prisoners tortured by the soldiers during the â€Å"Parsley massacre†, which was a clear illustration of the xenophobia the Tyrannical leader, General Trujillo had. Thus, a wave of genocide which decimates the Haitian emigre population is justified (Brice-Finch, 1999). Farming of the Bones, a novel of Danticat, does not only vividly reveal a detailed, fictional narration of what happened to the Haitians before, during, and after the â€Å"El Corte† or provide us a glimpse of the author’s life as a Haitian. The novel, considered to be one of the literary records of history of Haitians, was able to captivate the lives of Haitians in a land they partly owned. The Farming of Bones is a stark reminder of the massacre as well as a tribute to the valor of those Haitians who escaped the terror (Brice-Finch 1999). At that particular time, Haiti was being colonized by the Americans. This event pushed some of the natives to go to Dominican Republic and find work to be able to help their families left in Haiti. Most of them became cane workers, housemaids, houseboys, etc. as expected, most of them were being oppressed by their employers in different ways. Some of them were overworked but underpaid and some are physically abused. However, amabelle did not suffer the same fate as a personal maid since she was adored, if not loved by her employers. Papi and Donya Valencia, her patroness, never failed to treat her right. However, when the tyrant General Trujillo felt that the number of Haitians is continuing to grow, he felt it was high time to â€Å"cleanse† their land. After hearing news of the killings, Amabelle then decided to leave her patrons and go back to Haiti with her lover Sebastien and his sister. However, when she was about to leave, the cutting in 1937— a part of General Trujillo’s dictatorial regime, Donya Valencia bled—an event that made her stay at the house a little bit longer. Because of the slight delay, Amabelle was not able to meet Sebastien and Mimi by the church—the meeting place for those who will cross the border with Doctor Javier. It was said, nonetheless, that all those who were to meet in church were arrested by the soldiers together with the doctor and the priests. Amabelle then decided to go and find Mimi and his brother. She journeyed with Yves, a good friend of Sebastien. While they were on their journey, there were several instances of them having themselves almost killed by the Dominicans. Their companions, whim they met on the way, also died one by one and Yves and Amabelle were the only ones to return to their homeland. There, they attempted to have normal lives so they kept themselves busy; however, no matter what they do, it was very clear that the ghosts of the past would haunt them until death.the border region. These instances from the novel clearly mirror the 1937 Parsley massacre and had shown a very precise documentary of the said horrifying event. Such instances are as follows: First, General Trujillo was really the name of the tyrannical leader of Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1961, who ordered to kill all the Haitians so that, generally, they could have their country only for themselves. In the novel, him despising the Haitians was clearly shown in his actions. He was the sole mastermind of the â€Å"cleansing† of their border and he was also the one to pay very small amount of money to all the victims after the almost one-week bloodbath. Second, the narration of the Parsley Massacre was exactly how the event happened in 1937. The trucks containing the Haitians were real. The â€Å"killing spree†, where the peasants are to line by six and jump off a cliff if they were not able to say â€Å"perejil† (parsley) correctly, since the color of the Dominicans and Hatians are almost the same, also happened the same way it was in the novel. A quote from Senyora Valencia illustrates this point: â€Å"And in the parsley he said ‘pewegil’ for perejil. The Generalissimo had him in plain sight and could have shot him in the parsley, but he did not because the Generalissimo had a realization. Your people did not trill their r the way we do, or pronounce the jota. ‘You can never hide as long as there is parsley nearby,’ the Generalissi mo is believed to have said. On this island, you walk too far and people speak a different language. Their own words reveal who belongs on what side.† In this particular event, Dominican troops killed between 10,000 and 15,000 Haitians in approximately 2-6 days, particularly from October 2nd to October 4th 1937 (Upchurch, 1998). Third, the River of Massacre is really the name of the river at the borderline of Haiti and Dominican Republic. The Massacre River was named for a seventeeth century bloodbath, but as Danticat makes clear, it has continued to live up to its name. The river divides the small Caribbean island of Hispaniola into the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Because the countries are so close, their fates have historically been intertwined. The Farming of Bones begins in the Republic, during the regime of General Rafael Trujillo (Upchurch, 1998). Fourth and last in the significant similarities in events in history and the novel was that even though the Dominican leader taught its people to be cruel and to have no mercy for the Haitians, some of them chose to defy the General and helped hide several peasants during the mass killing. Senyora Valencia was a great example of such Dominicans: â€Å"Do you truly understand? During El Corte, though I was bleeding and nearly died, I hid many of your people. I hid a baby who is now a student at the medical school with Rosalinda and her husband. I hid Sylvie and two families in your old room. I hid some of Donya Sabine’s people before she and her husband escaped to Haiti. I did what I could in my situation.† In history, however, it is believed that although we must acknowledge that the Haitian-Dominican conflict stemmed from the occupation of the Dominican Republic by Haiti, it would be dangerous, and unfair to the Dominican people, to attribute Trujillo’s acts and ideology entirely to the same origin. Most of the Dominican people did not participate in Trujillo’s massacre of the Haitians. In fact, Many Haitians were saved by good-hearted Dominicans who could not imagine and could not accept the killings of thousands of innocents for petty reasons. The best example of this fact is the Dominican politician, Jose Maria Peza Gomez, who is believed to be of Haitian descent, and who escaped the massacre because a White Dominican family adopted him. As for the author’s relation to the characters, I found Amabelle most likely to share the life of Edwidge Danticat. There are few similarities in them but if you would compare Danticat’s life to that of other characters, it is most likely that you would find it difficult. For one, Danticat had always wanted to be a writer ever since she was a child. Her parents, on the other hand wanted her to be a doctor. In Amabelle’s case, she had always been veering away from her parents’ love for giving birth and chose to just sew clothes and at the same time serve Senyora Valencia. Another, I think, is the point in her life when her parents transferred to New York to work there. She was very young then and yet had to live without her parents with her. Amabelle experienced this when her parents drowned while crossing the river at the border. Both of them were forced to live without their parents at a time when they need guidance, love, and care from the person who brought them into this world. Third and last point is when Danticat transferred to Brooklyn to live with her real family. Adjustment to this new family was difficult, and to make it worse, she also had difficulty adjusting at school, because she spoke only Creole and did not know any English. Other students taunted her as a Haitian, a boat person, or a refugee. This time, it’s not only Amabelle who experienced the same treatment from other people but all the Haitians in the Dominicans part of the land. As evident in the novel, most of them suffered greatly because of their race, social status, and language. Obviously, it is very apparent that the novel Farming of the Bones was a literary record of what had happened to the 1937 massacre and a bit of the author’s life. In fact, the massacre, Danticat told Mallay Charters in Publishers Weekly, is not just a part of our history, as Haitians, but its also a part of the history of the world. Writing about it is an act of remembrance. References: Brice-Finch (1999) A review of The Farming of Bones, in World Literature Today, Vol. 73, No. 2, p. 373. Munro, M. (2006) Writing Disaster: Trauma, Memory, and History in Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones. London: Faber and Faber Upchurch, M. (1998) â€Å"No Room for the Living,† in New York Times Book Review. Lancer, J. The Conflict between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://www.allempires.com/forum/ Wucker, M. (1998) The River Massacre: The Real and Imagined Borders of Hispaniola Retrieved from: http://windows.on.haiti-the.river.massacre.files.html (2005) Edwidge Danticat. Retrieved from http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/danticat_edwidge.html (2009) 70 Years Ago in the Dominican Republic! Retrieved from http://fowomouvriye.org/Bulletins/001/TheHopeAct.html (2012) The Farming of Bones: Author Biography. Retrieved from http://www.enotes.com/farming-bones (2012) Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica

Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners Essay

Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners When researching about education, one often finds a great deal of literature and information about learning styles. Educators spend countless hours studying their students in order to find out how they learn best. All students have needs when it comes to how they learn and educators must be able to meet those needs in order to promote successful learning in their classrooms. This (paper/article) will focus on teaching strategies and how to vary them so that each learning style preference is addressed, therefore increasing the level of achievement of each student and making learning a successful outcome in the classroom. Strategies, or methods of instruction, include the ways in which the content/information is transformed into new learning for the students. The content can be transformed directly from the teacher to the student through lecture, demonstration, drill and questioning, or more indirectly where the teacher's role is to facilitate learning situations through grouping, discovery, inquiry, role-play and simulations (Freiberg, Driscoll, 1996). Wilen, Ishler, Hutchison, and Kindsvatter (2000) stress that building a positive, supportive learning environment is an important goal for all teachers who want their students to succeed in learning. To maintain student interest and achieve higher results, they encourage teachers to use a variety of methods. They suggest four strategies for "generating an academic climate" in the classroom (p. 30): 1) be task oriented and aware of time. Teachers often find themselves in a situation, which limits the amount of time they can spend on a certain topi c. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers try to rema... ..., A. (1996). Universal teaching strategies (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Hyman, R.T. (1974). Ways of teaching (2nd ed.). New York: J.B. Lippincott. Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E. (1991). Teaching students ways to remember. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books. Ornstein, A. C. (1995). Teaching theory into practice. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Plauche-Parker, J. (1989). Instructional strategies for teaching the gifted. Needham Heights, MA; Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Tuckman, B. W. (1991). "Derivation and description of and interpersonal construct model of teaching to help student teachers self-actualize." Paper presented an annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago. Wilen, W., Ishler, M., Hutchison, J., Kindsvatter, R. (2000). Dynamics of effective teaching (4th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners Essay Diversifying Teaching Styles to Meet the Needs of All Learners When researching about education, one often finds a great deal of literature and information about learning styles. Educators spend countless hours studying their students in order to find out how they learn best. All students have needs when it comes to how they learn and educators must be able to meet those needs in order to promote successful learning in their classrooms. This (paper/article) will focus on teaching strategies and how to vary them so that each learning style preference is addressed, therefore increasing the level of achievement of each student and making learning a successful outcome in the classroom. Strategies, or methods of instruction, include the ways in which the content/information is transformed into new learning for the students. The content can be transformed directly from the teacher to the student through lecture, demonstration, drill and questioning, or more indirectly where the teacher's role is to facilitate learning situations through grouping, discovery, inquiry, role-play and simulations (Freiberg, Driscoll, 1996). Wilen, Ishler, Hutchison, and Kindsvatter (2000) stress that building a positive, supportive learning environment is an important goal for all teachers who want their students to succeed in learning. To maintain student interest and achieve higher results, they encourage teachers to use a variety of methods. They suggest four strategies for "generating an academic climate" in the classroom (p. 30): 1) be task oriented and aware of time. Teachers often find themselves in a situation, which limits the amount of time they can spend on a certain topi c. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers try to rema... ..., A. (1996). Universal teaching strategies (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Hyman, R.T. (1974). Ways of teaching (2nd ed.). New York: J.B. Lippincott. Mastropieri, M. A., Scruggs, T. E. (1991). Teaching students ways to remember. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books. Ornstein, A. C. (1995). Teaching theory into practice. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Plauche-Parker, J. (1989). Instructional strategies for teaching the gifted. Needham Heights, MA; Allyn & Bacon, Inc. Tuckman, B. W. (1991). "Derivation and description of and interpersonal construct model of teaching to help student teachers self-actualize." Paper presented an annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago. Wilen, W., Ishler, M., Hutchison, J., Kindsvatter, R. (2000). Dynamics of effective teaching (4th ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman

China’s Foreign Policy Towards International Actors Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY China has one of the four oldest civilizations in the world and a written history of 4,000 years. China’s long history includes eras of primitive society, slave society, feudalism and semi feudalism, semi-colonialism and the present socialist society. The Chinese are very proud of their society. They value their own culture and religion but are open and pragmatic towards the religions and cultures of others. Chinese people in general are peaceful, hardworking and easily contented. They respect authority and elders and are patient with their fellows. They will, however, push and sacrifice for their children. The Chinese value modesty, reserved behavior and humility. They believe in harmony and tend to avoid confrontation. Chinese culture gives the Chinese people their basic identity. These core values are unique and consistent, shaped by a tradition of four thousand years of history and maintained by the same language. There is only one set of core values in the Chinese national culture, despite all the differences among these people and their societies. This cultural value system is uniquely Chinese that distinguish itself not only from Western cultures, but also from other Eastern cultures (for example, Japanese culture). China is now a global actor of significant and growing importance. It is involved in regions and on issues that were once only peripheral to its interests and it is effectively using tools previously unavailable. It is no longer necessary to emphasize integrating China into the existing constellation of norms, rules, and institutions of the international community; by and large, China is already there. It is influencing perceptions, relationships, and organizations all over the world. China’s international behavior is clearly altering the dynamics of the current international system, but it is not transforming its structure. China’s global activism is driven by an identifiable set of perceptions, objectives, and policies—some are long-standing and others are more current. Both China’s foreign policy objectives and its policies have evolved in the last decade but with more change in the latter than the former. In this sense, China has a distinct foreign policy strategy, to the extent that any nation has one. China’s strategy is best understood as comprising multiple layers, each adding to an understanding of the totality of it. This monograph analyzes these layers, assesses the challenges for China in implementing its strategy, and evaluates the implications for Bangladesh and other countries interests and policy. The monograph analyzes the content, character, and execution of China’s foreign policy towards International actors. It examines how China views its security environment, how it defines its foreign policy objectives, how it is pursuing the objectives and the consequences for other countries economic and security interests. The breadth and the rapidity of change in China’s international activities are daunting to analyze, let alone to understand.